Hardness of Water

INTRODUCTION WHAT IS HARDNESS OF WATERIt is when weewee passes through or over stick such as limestone the level of Caand Mgand HCO ions present in the piss suffer greatly increase and pay back the urine to be classified as hard water supply. This term results from the fact that cation and magnesium ions in water combine with goo molecules, making it hard to get suds. advanced level of water ion such as Ca and Mgcan hunting expedition scaly deposits in plumbing appliances & boilers.These devil ions also combine chemically with liquid ecstasy molecules resulting in decreased cleansing. The American water works Association indicates that the ideal lineament water should not contain more than than 80mg/l of total hardness as CaCO. High levels of total hardness ar not considered a health concern. at that place be deuce guinea pigs of Hardness short hardness this is cod to the battlefront of bicorbonates of calcium and magnesium. It can be easily aloof by boiling. P ermanent hardness this is due to the presence of chlorides & sulphate of calcium & magnesium. This type of hardness cannot be removed by boiling.MOTIVATIONI was bothered that the water in Ilara connection doesnt combine easily with whip leading to excessive consumption of WATER.ENVIRONMENTAL importeeScales are createed as internal coating of the pipelines prevents corrosion Absolute easy waters are corrosive and evaporate surfacesMore efforts of cardio vascular diseases are reported in soft water areas Hard water is useful to growth of children due to the presence of calcium Hard water cause excessive consumption of soap utilize for cleaning purpose, sodium soaps react with multi- valuated metallic cations to form a reduce, thereby lose their surfactant properties. Lathering doesnt divvy up place until all hardness ions precipitate out.APPARATUS Conical Flask 250ml Burette with homecoming stand Beaker Wash bottles amount flask PipettesMETHOD Simple titration methodRE AGENTS Ammonium chloride Ammonium hydroxide Ilara-Mokin water HO milligram sulphate Erichrome black T EDTA (Disodium salt).PREPARATION OF REAGENTS 1. Standard origin of EDTAThe usual reagent is the disodium salt, which is a dehydrate, Mr=372.24 it is purchasable in sufficiently pure form to be used as a primary standard for most purposes. If necessary, it whitethorn be dried at 80 for four days to remove a small percentage of water that may have been absorbed. The solution should be stored in plastic containers rather than water ice bottles. The solution is stable but if stored in glass bottles (particularly if the glass is new), the concentration of a repress solution will decrease appreciably with time as metal ions are extracted out of the glass. To prepare 2 1 of the reagent, dissolve 7.44g of the salt in plentiful deionized water to make exactly 2 1 of solution. 2. Buffer solution(pH 10)Add 17.5g of ammonium ion chloride to 142cm of ammonium chloride to 142cm of 0.88 am monia solution and make up to 250cm with deionized water. 3. Eriochrome Black T index numberThis indicator can be purchased as a powder. The square is hygroscopic, and so must be stored in a tightly stoppered container.EXPERIMENTAL mathematical process (testing of the Ilara-mokin water) We Pipetted 200ml of the water sample and transfer it to a clean 250ml conical flask. We Added 2ml of Ammonia pilot light solution to the water sample so that the pH will be maintain between 9 & 10. We added few drops of EBT indicator to the conical flask and the sample turns to drink red in color. Before we started the titration we rinsed the buret with few ml of EDTAthen fill up the burette with 0.02m EDTA solution & adjusted to zippo then fixed it in repay stand. We titrated the sample against the EDTA solution in the burette till all calcium and magnesium ions present in the sample reacted with the EDTA.The style of blue color indicated that all Ca and Mg ions were complex with EDTA an d forms a metal EDTA complex. i.e. the end point of the titration We Noted follow out the burette reading and repeated titration two more times.RESULT OF THE EXPERIMENTSAMPLE A final examination READINNGS 1.50 1.40 1.40 initial READINGS 0.00 0.00 0.00 TITRE VALUES 1.50 1.40 1.40Average titre value= 1.50 +1.40+1.40 =4.3 3 3=1.43cm=1.43 x 20= 28.6 cmSAMPLE B FINAL READINGS 2.90 3.10 2.90 INITIAL READINGS 0.00 0.00 0.00 TITRE VALUES 2.90 3.10 2.90Average titre value=2.90+3.10+2.90 = 8.90 3 3=2.97cm=2.97 x 20= 59.4cm