Spartan Ephorate essays

Spartan Ephorate essays What was the role and the authority of the ephors in the Spartiate Constitution? In ancient Sparta the office of ephor was both the most interesting and the most obscure of the offices under the Spartan constitution. It seems that the ephors became more important and gained more and more political power as the history of Sparta proceeded. According to tradition, the order was established at the time of the first Spartan war to help the kings of Sparta to carry out their main duties Messenia (736-716 BC), which necessitated the protracted absence from their country of the two reigning kings of Sparta, Alcamenes and Theopompus. But by the time first Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BC, the kings had lost much of their power, and it is certain that the ephorate had gained a great deal of what the kings had lost. At its peak of authority the board of ephors was the organ of citizen control over the dual kingship of Sparta. There were five ephors, elected each year by the full Assembly of Equals. This annually elected board functioned until it was destroyed in the 3rd century BC by the Spartan kings Agis IV (reigned 244-241 BC) and Cleomenes III (reigned 235-222 BC). Later it was revived and lasted until A.D. 200. Anybody who was a Spartan Equal and over thirty years old was eligible to stand for election. Their relation to the two Spartiate kings was curious. The kings were recognised as the only authorised military commanders, but the ephors had full discretion in levying troops. During campaigns they had no voice in command, but they might bring the royal leaders to trial for alleged errors in conducting war. The ephors cast the deciding voice when the kings disagreed. Their decisions were the result of a simple majority vote. The responsibilities of the ephorate included giving foreign ambassadors permission to cross the border into Spartan territory and permission to address the Assem ...

How to Use Shakespeare Quotes

How to Use Shakespeare Quotes You can make your essays interesting by adding a famous quote, and there is nobody better than a Shakespeare to quote! However, many students feel intimidated at the thought of quoting Shakespeare. Some fear that they may end up using the quote in the wrong context; others may worry about using the quote verbatim, owing to the archaic Shakespearan expressions. If you wish to learn how to skillfully quote Shakespeare, you have reached the right place. In this article, you will learn how to use quotes from Shakespeare in your own writing and how to attribute the quote correctly.   Find the Right Shakespeare Quote You can refer to your favorite resources, be it your school library, a public library, or of course, your favorite content destination on the internet- thoughtco.com. Make sure that you use a reliable source that gives you complete attribution, which includes the name of the author, the play title, the act, and the scene number. Using the Quote You will find that the language used in Shakespeare plays have archaic expressions that were used during the Elizabethan era. If you are unfamiliar with this language, you run the risk of not using the quote correctly. To avoid making mistakes, be sure to use the quote verabatim- in exactly the same words as in the original source. Quoting From Verses and Passages Shakespeare plays have many beautiful verses; its up to you to find an appropriate verse for your essay. One way to ensure an impactful quote is to ensure that the verse you choose does not leave the idea unfinished. Here are some tips for quoting Shakespeare: If you are quoting verse and it runs longer than four lines, you must write the lines one below the other as you do when you write poetry; However, if the verse is one to four lines long, you should use the line division symbol (/) to indicate the beginning of the next line. Here is an example: Is love a tender thing? It is too rough, / Too rude, too boisterous; and it pricks like thorn(Romeo and Juliet, Act I, Sc. 5, line 25)If you are quoting prose, then there is no need for line divisions. However, to effectively represent the quote, it is beneficial to first provide the contextual relevance of the quote and then proceed to quote the passage. Context helps your reader to understand the quote and to better grasp the message that you wish to convey by using that quote, but you should exercise caution when deciding how much information to supply. Sometimes students give a brief synopsis of the play to make their Shakespeare quote sound relevant to their essay, but it is better to pro vide short, focused background information. Here is an example of how a small amount of context can be provided before a quote to improve its impact:Miranda, daughter of Prospero, and the King of Naples son Ferdinand, are to get married. While Prospero is not optimistic about the arrangement, the couple, Miranda and Ferdinand are looking forward to their union. In this quote, we see the exchange of viewpoints between Miranda and Prospero: Miranda: How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world, That has such people int!Prospero: Tis new to thee.(The Tempest, Act V, Sc. 1, line 183-184) Attribution No formal Shakespeare quote is complete without its attribution. For a Shakespeare quote, you need to provide the play title, followed by act, scene, and line number. It is a good practice to italicize the title of the play, as shown here: In order to ensure that the quote is used in the right context, it is important to reference the quote appropriately. That means, you must mention the characters name who made the statement. Here is an example: He was ever precise in promise-keeping.(Measure for Measure, Act I, Sc. 2)In the play Julius Caesar, the relationship of the husband-wife duo (Brutus and Portia), brings out the conniving nature of Portia, in startling contrast to Brutus gentleness: You are my true and honourable wife;/As dear to me as are the ruddy drops/That visit my sad heart.(Julius Caesar, Act II, Sc. 1) Length of the Quote Avoid using long quotes. Long quotes dilute the essence of the point. In case you have to use a specific long passage, it is better to paraphrase the quote. A Final Word of Advice On this site, you will find a vast resource of Shakespeare quotes. These quotes have been categorized by the title of the Shakespeare play. You can also find more information on how to use quotations in essays.

The Separation of Church and State Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Separation of Church and State - Essay Example The Separation of Church and State The separation of church and state is distancing the relationship of the organized religion and the nation. The second reason is that the church might harm the state by starting a war because of wrongful religious convictions. The state also can harm the church when it dictates on religious ceremonies or by forcing religious leaders on civic matters that offend the church. There are 4 kinds of power: Physical, wealth, influence and authority. These powers can be misused in controlling others and can be dangerous when combined. Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely hence no one should have this kind power hence the need to separate the two entities. With the separation of church and state, religious leaders should not have no right to interfere in policy decisions made by the government. It is actually inappropriate for policies by the government to be based solely on religious beliefs and doctrines. This does not mean that officials in the government should abandon their faith to take part in the political process or that it is wrong to take up moral and religious values in politics. Moral dimensions also exist in both social and public policies including budgets which are inherent moral documents. Decisions such as tax increments and public spending affect the society and reflect a community’s priorities. Policy decision that affects peoples’ lives such as laws condemning murder and theft are rooted from religious teachings and are shared broadly across secular and religious lines. However, a public official has no right to base decisions or cite religious beliefs as a reason for failure to uphold the duties and responsibilities of their office. Religious leaders should only advice or be consulted but not having a seat at the decision table. They can comment, condemn or support the policies but only as the church’s opinion and not as the general public†™s. The Family brought a fresh perspective on influential evangelists such as Charles Finney, Jonathan Edwards and Billy Graham. The book also gives a new understanding of leaders including Senators Sam Brownback and Hillary Clinton and former senator Dan Coats, Jack Kemps and religious right leaders Chuck Colson, Ted Haggard and Bill Bright. In the book, we learn how the legislative precedent for George Bush’s faith initiative was brought up by ideas from The Family and was sponsored by Family members, Republican Senators Ashcroft and Coats with assistance from Hillary Clinton. According to Sharlet (29), the author of The Family, members of this organization rarely step out of the shadows but only on one public event, the Prayer Breakfast which is annually hosted in the Whitehouse. When the government is lobbying efforts of most religious institutions, their activities are usually done in the darkness even as people of numerous influences routinely pressure lawmakers on is sues ranging from international relations to healthcare or abortion rights to poverty. This was designed by the government when congress passed the Lobbying Disclosure Act in 1995 (Sharlet 15). The act provided a few exceptions including lobbying communications done by a church. The separation of state and the church is very important to the American government, but it is usually vague and murky. Americans want their legislators to pass good laws that result in a good society and good citizenship. Religious leaders do not have two perspectives of good, one secular and one religious. A legislator has to believe in the

Gun Control and Its Effects on Crime Rates Research Paper

Gun Control and Its Effects on Crime Rates - Research Paper Example Keeping this in view, many countries across the world banned the acquisition of harmful weapons on civilians. Logically speaking, if B accompanies A most of the time and one does not want B then one should be more likely to avoid A, too. Similarly, if crimes involve armed weapon and if someone wants to lower down the criminal activity, then the logical course of action should be to ban the possession of armed weapon. However, ironically, opposite is true. The phenomenon of gun control, which is the ban on supply or usage of guns by civilians, correlates highly with the increase of crime rates. This theory faces great opposition by pro-gun control schools of thought, which maintain that less weapons means less crime. This paper addresses this debate in a more enlightened space substantiating each point with relevant evidence. However, the paper holds and attempts to prove that gun control does, directly or indirectly, leads to increase in crime rates. Before diving into the actual debate, a glance at the background of the issue and historical anecdotes will clear the space for the discussion to build up in a more neutral, bias-free fashion. Gun control has been a popular topic of discussion and argument since a century. Nazis and Fascist were strong proponents of enforcing gun control to disable the civilians to counterattack. Therefore, people belong to anti-Hitler clan usually oppose the enforcement of fun control, saying that this is remains of the brutality of fascism (Wilson, 2007). On the other hand, US have a strong history of gun control, especially with respect to its Civil Rights Act and racial discrimination against African Americans. After the slavery abolished and Reconstruction was underway, slavery codes were replaced with Black Codes, which contained laws only for African Americans. These codes include gun control. Later on, when Black Codes were deconstitutionalized and racial

Bargaining Power of Buyers Essay Example for Free

Bargaining Power of Buyers Essay According to Michael Porter, one of the 5 forces that can cause competition and influence a corporation is buyers/consumers. Without customers a business is nothing. Buyers cause corporations to compete against one another by causing them to lower prices and produce higher qualities of goods/services to consumers. The following are when a buying group has the greatest influence. When a buying group purchases large volumes When one buyer purchases most of a supplier’s sales, the importance of that buyer to the supplier is significant. If they stop buying, the supplier takes a dramatic financial hit. When items purchased are standard If all items in a market are similar or standardized, it allows a buyer to feel confident in doing business with other suppliers. Suppliers need to lower prices to keep consumers coming to them. When the buyer faces few switching Costs If a buyer faces little to no costs to switch to another supplier, there is no reason to stop them from switching if a supplier is offering a product for cheaper. Buyers can roam the market looking for the best deal. Suppliers on the other hand may have large switching costs making it hard to change markets. When buyers can backward integrate A buyer may not need to buy from a supplier if they can acquire items from inside the business. An example could be a bakery that requires wheat to make bread. They would backwards integrate by buying a farm with a wheat processor and no longer having the need to buy wheat from a supplier. When buyers product quality doesn’t matter Buyers will be price sensitive if the products they are producing do not require great quality. The buyer will go to whoever is the cheapest.

Life and Death in California :: essays research papers

Life & Death in the State of California   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the United States, the first known execution was of Daniel Frank and it took place in the Colony of Virginia. Frank was executed in 1622 for the crime of theft (University of Alaska). Since the time of Daniel Frank, the death penalty has almost always been a part of our criminal justice system, starting in the colonies and continuing in the United States after we won our independence. As far as the United States goes, I am going to start off in 1930 because this was when the Bureau of Justice Statistics, United States Department of Justice, first started to compile data on a fairly regular basis. From 1930 through 1967, 3859 people were executed under civil circumstances in the United States. Others were executed but they were completed under the jurisdiction of the United States military. During this period of nearly forty years over half of those executed (54%) were black, forty five percent were white, and the remaining one percent were from other racial groups – America n Indians (a total of 19 executed from 1930-1967), Filipino (13), Chinese (8), Japanese (2). By far the majority of those being executed were men; only 32 women were executed between 1930 and 1967. During this same period of time the United States Army (and the Air Force) executed 160 people, including 106 executions for murder (21 involved rape), 53 for rape, and one for desertion. The U.S. Navy has not executed anyone since 1849 (University of Alaska). Strong pressure from parties opposed to the use of the death penalty resulted in an unofficial moratorium on executions for several years, with the last one taking place in 1967. Legal challenges to the death penalty led up to a 5-4 United States Supreme Court decision in Furman v. Georgia. Furman v. Georgia struck down the federal and state capital punishment laws that permitted wide discretion of the application of the death penalty. The majority of the justices ruled these laws as cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the eighth amendment to the U.S. Constitution and the due process guarantees of the fourteenth amendment. Only Justices Brennan and Marshall declared capital punishment to be unconstitutional in all instances (Furman v. Georgia). Furman v. Georgia led to many new death sentencing laws. The first execution under the new laws took place in Utah when Gary Gilmore was executed by firing squad for murder.

Shanholtzer Iehr

The fact that a patient has experienced recent weight loss, fatigue, and joss of appetite would be included in which part of the review of systems (ROSS)? A. Musculoskeletal B. Gastrointestinal C. Neurological D. Constitutional Answer: D. Constitutional Topic: The Review of Systems (ROSS) Feedback: Vital signs, general health, and weight changes are all part of the constitutional findings in the ROSS. Blooms: Understand 29. Of the following, which is not an element of the history of present illness (HIP)? A. Duration B. Severity C. Quantity D. Quality Answer: C. Annuity Feedback: A physical exam includes objective findings of the care provider hill the HIP includes the signs or symptoms that a patient communicates to the provider, such as the duration, severity, and quality of pain. Blooms: Understand CA. PEEP: V. C. 6 SASHIMI I. A. I; l. A. 2; I. B. I 34. Kelly is being seen by her physician today, and he is asking her if she's had any increase in or unusual headaches since her last visit, whether she has any blurred vision, and whether she has seen her eye doctor in the past year. The answers to these and other questions are documented in what part of the health record?Answer: Review of Systems (ROSS) Feedback: Patients either fill out a form which asks for current symptoms, or the care provider verbally asks the patient about signs and symptoms for each body system, to complete a comprehensive review of systems (ROSS). Blooms: Understand ABBES: 4. A CHIME: I. A. I; IA. 2; I. B. I; I. B. 3 Estimated Time: 1-2 minutes 35. How a patient is feeling, any current complaints or concerns, weight loss or gain, appetite, sleep patterns or difficulties, and a recap of vital signs. This information is documented in the general part of the ROSS, and is also known s what?Answer: constitutional (or general) Learning outcome: 05. 03 Feedback: The elements listed in the question are part of the constitutional (or general) portion of the ROSS. Blooms: Understand CHIME: I. A. I; IA. 2; LB. 1; I. B. 3 CHART NOTE Date of service: September 5, 2013 Patti Wolfe is a 49-year-old patient of Dry. Mamba's. Ms. Wolfe arrives today complaining of a productive cough, heaviness in her chest, chanciness, and a fever of 102. She started one week ago with symptoms of a cold – runny eyes, nasal congestion, cough, and some wheezing.The cough was non-productive. She has taken over the counter (ETC) medications, but has not seen much improvement, and in fact her cough has become worse. Ms. Wolfe has a history of gastrointestinal reflux disease (GIRD). She has had no recent weight loss or gain, she has been feeling well, though a little fatigued over the past week; she has no frequency or urgency of urination, does not have any blurred or double vision, and has had no night sweats. Dry. Mamba conducts a physical exam (PEP) with the following findings: Head: Morphophonemic. Eyes:Equal and reactive to light. Ears: Clear. Nose: congestion noted. Throat: Clear. Lungs: Ar les and rancho are noted on auscultation. Dry. Mamba writes an order for a chest x-ray which will be done as an outpatient at the local hospital. She instructs Ms. Wolfe to drink plenty of fluids, take Ethylene or ibuprofen for her chanciness and fever, and to use a cool mist humidifier at night. Dry. Mamba diagnoses the patient with Cough, ruling out pneumonia. 43. In the chart note above, what information is considered to be part of the review of systems (ROSS)?Answer: She has had no recent weight loss or gain, she has been feeling well, though a little fatigued over the past week, she has no frequency or urgency of urination, does not have any blurred or double vision, and has had no night sweats. Learning Outcome: 05. 03 Feedback: She has had no recent weight loss or gain, she has been feeling well, though a little fatigued over the past week, she has no frequency or urgency of urination, does not have any blurred or double vision, and has had no night sweats. Blooms: Apply Diff iculty: 2 Medium Estimated Time: 3-5 minutes